Applications II: Amplifiers - More application circuits, this time showing how transistors are used to amplify voltage or current.Applications I: Switches - Application circuits showing how transistors are used as electronically controlled switches.Operation Modes - An overview of the four possible operating modes of a transistor.Extending the Water Analogy - Going back to the water analogy to explain how a transistor acts like a valve.Symbols, Pins, and Construction - Explaining the differences between the transistor's three pins.This tutorial is split into a series of sections, covering: We won't dig too deeply into semiconductor physics or equivalent models, but we'll get deep enough into the subject that you'll understand how a transistor can be used as either a switch or amplifier. Covered In This TutorialĪfter reading through this tutorial, we want you to have a broad understanding of how transistors work. In quantities of thousands, millions, and even billions, transistors are interconnected and embedded into tiny chips to create computer memories, microprocessors, and other complex ICs. So it's just convenient to call the common voltage as 0 and hence we ground it.In small, discrete quantities, transistors can be used to create simple electronic switches, digital logic, and signal amplifying circuits. Remember what we really care about is the voltage difference. But we could also say it's positive terminal is at +5V and the negative terminal is at -5V. For example, if we have a 10 V cell, then we could say, it's positive terminal is at 10V and the negative terminal is at 0. These connections are beyond the scope of our course syllabus and so we will not be discussing them.įinally, all voltage levels are relative. If we ground collector or base, we will call it common collector circuit and * common base circuit* respectively. In this entire course, we will only be dealing with common emitter circuit and so the emitter will always be grounded. When you ground emitter, the circuit is called common emitter connection (Simply because in a real circuit, the ground would be negative terminal of a battery, and so the emitter would be a common connection for both base and collector). The answer is, you can ground any of the three parts. From the author: That's a very good question.
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